Latest Load Management Technical Articles

Learn how distribution transformers bridge medium-voltage feeders and end-use equipment, ensuring stable voltage through…

Learn how distribution transformers bridge medium-voltage feeders and end-use equipment, ensuring stable voltage through strategic placement,…

Learn about fault levels and short-circuit protection for medium-voltage distribution. We’ll examine current sources,…

Learn about fault levels and short-circuit protection for medium-voltage distribution. We’ll examine current sources, fault types, symmetrical…

This article provides analysis steps and implementation strategies for distributed energy resource behavior,…

This article provides analysis steps and implementation strategies for distributed energy resource behavior, transportation electrification, and…

Explore distribution topologies, from simple radial feeders to complex networks, and examine reliability metrics, common…

Explore distribution topologies, from simple radial feeders to complex networks, and examine reliability metrics, common causes of outages, and…

Learn how modern substation commissioning extends beyond plant checks to verify SCADA, comms, cybersecurity, and data…

Learn how modern substation commissioning extends beyond plant checks to verify SCADA, comms, cybersecurity, and data integrity for safe operation…

Substation field testing ensures long-term reliability. It verifies instrument transformers , circuit breakers, and…

Substation field testing ensures long-term reliability. It verifies instrument transformers , circuit breakers, and protection relays against…

Learn how substation commissioning verifies design intent and system integration through FAT, SAT, cold…

Learn how substation commissioning verifies design intent and system integration through FAT, SAT, cold (pre-energization), and hot…

Learn how smart substations can leverage IEC 61850 and CIM for data flow. Advanced analytics and machine learning (ML)…

Learn how smart substations can leverage IEC 61850 and CIM for data flow. Advanced analytics and machine learning (ML) can turn high-res data into…

This article focuses on practical implementation details for communications and data integration in smart substations and…

This article focuses on practical implementation details for communications and data integration in smart substations and reviews predictive…

In the final part of this series, we examine substation design practices for managing two critical issues: oil…

In the final part of this series, we examine substation design practices for managing two critical issues: oil containment and noise control.

In this new article series, we look at substation design and layout planning, starting here with early stage choices and…

In this new article series, we look at substation design and layout planning, starting here with early stage choices and physical layout.

In substations, the DC system is critical for protection, control, and SCADA during AC loss. Learn about the relevant…

In substations, the DC system is critical for protection, control, and SCADA during AC loss. Learn about the relevant IEEE standards, choosing the…

This article explains the role of substation isolators, covering their purpose in visible isolation and safe operating…

This article explains the role of substation isolators, covering their purpose in visible isolation and safe operating sequences with breakers and…

This article examines the functions of four different types of substations within the electrical grid: step-up,…

This article examines the functions of four different types of substations within the electrical grid: step-up, step-down, transmission, and…

In this article, learn methods for mitigating lightning- and switching-induced overvoltages in high-voltage networks…

In this article, learn methods for mitigating lightning- and switching-induced overvoltages in high-voltage networks through surge arresters,…

Here, in Part 2, we examine insulation coordination and Basic Insulation Level (BIL) in high-voltage systems for…

Here, in Part 2, we examine insulation coordination and Basic Insulation Level (BIL) in high-voltage systems for reliability against transient…

In this article, we explore high-voltage insulation coordination, focusing on the nature of overvoltages, standardized…

In this article, we explore high-voltage insulation coordination, focusing on the nature of overvoltages, standardized impulse and withstand…

Learn how to optimize and design a reliable insulation framework for an HVDC network, focusing on aspects like insulation…

Learn how to optimize and design a reliable insulation framework for an HVDC network, focusing on aspects like insulation clearance, voltage surge…

In this article, we will examine power transfer and angle stability. This is the final article in a 3-part series on long…

In this article, we will examine power transfer and angle stability. This is the final article in a 3-part series on long transmission line behavior.