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Distribution Transformers and Voltage Regulation—Part 2: Step-Down Transformers

Distribution Transformers and Voltage Regulation—Part 2: Step-Down Transformers

Distribution transformers shape network voltage and fault behavior. Learn how winding configurations, vector groups, and grounding methods impact…


Distribution Transformers and Voltage Regulation—Part 1: Introduction

Distribution Transformers and Voltage Regulation—Part 1: Introduction

Learn how distribution transformers bridge medium-voltage feeders and end-use equipment, ensuring stable voltage through strategic placement,…


Primary Distribution Systems—Part 4: Fault Levels and Short Circuits

Primary Distribution Systems—Part 4: Fault Levels and Short Circuits

Learn about fault levels and short-circuit protection for medium-voltage distribution. We’ll examine current sources, fault types, symmetrical…


Distribution System Fundamentals—Part 3: Emerging Trends

Distribution System Fundamentals—Part 3: Emerging Trends

This article provides analysis steps and implementation strategies for distributed energy resource behavior, transportation electrification, and…


Distribution System Fundamentals—Part 2: Topologies and Reliability

Distribution System Fundamentals—Part 2: Topologies and Reliability

Explore distribution topologies, from simple radial feeders to complex networks, and examine reliability metrics, common causes of outages, and…


Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 4: SCADA and Comms Systems

Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 4: SCADA and Comms Systems

Learn how modern substation commissioning extends beyond plant checks to verify SCADA, comms, cybersecurity, and data integrity for safe operation…


AI Datacenter Grid-to-Core Power Architecture

AI Datacenter Grid-to-Core Power Architecture

Surging AI power needs dictate a new datacenter power architecture: shifting to 800 V DC distribution, using "SideCar" racks, and…


Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 3: Field Testing

Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 3: Field Testing

Substation field testing ensures long-term reliability. It verifies instrument transformers , circuit breakers, and protection relays against…


High-Precision Digital Temperature Sensors Thanks to Wafer-Based Calibration

High-Precision Digital Temperature Sensors Thanks to Wafer-Based Calibration

Power electronics plays a crucial role in modern temperature sensor systems, enabling efficient signal conditioning, energy management, and data…


Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 1: Scope and Workflow

Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 1: Scope and Workflow

Learn how substation commissioning verifies design intent and system integration through FAT, SAT, cold (pre-energization), and hot…


Resilient Battery Energy Storage for Renewable-Rich Grids

Resilient Battery Energy Storage for Renewable-Rich Grids

Because their generation fluctuates, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have become essential for grid stability. Grid-supporting BESS must…


Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 5: Future Trends

Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 5: Future Trends

This article discusses trends in AI-assisted smart substations, including sensor density, autonomous and self-healing networks, and inverter-based…


0.2% High-Accuracy Open-Loop Hall Current Sensor With ASIL D Functional Safety

0.2% High-Accuracy Open-Loop Hall Current Sensor With ASIL D Functional Safety

This article focuses on comparing the performance of Innosense’s Dhips+ Hall current sensor before and after error compensation, elaborating on…


Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 4: Data Analytics and ML

Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 4: Data Analytics and ML

Learn how smart substations can leverage IEC 61850 and CIM for data flow. Advanced analytics and machine learning (ML) can turn high-res data into…


The Hidden Costs of Outdated Power Plant Practices — And How to Fix Them Fast

The Hidden Costs of Outdated Power Plant Practices — And How to Fix Them Fast

Building integrated and modern systems enable resilient, efficient, and safer operations that…


Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 3: Comms and Data Integration

Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 3: Comms and Data Integration

This article focuses on practical implementation details for communications and data integration in smart substations and reviews predictive…


Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 2: IoT Devices and Sensors

Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 2: IoT Devices and Sensors

Learn how smart substations use synchronized IoT devices compliant with key standards for high-fidelity data, enabling real-time protection and…


Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 3: Noise and Oil Control Issues

Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 3: Noise and Oil Control Issues

In the final part of this series, we examine substation design practices for managing two critical issues: oil containment and noise control.


Switching and Converter Substations

Switching and Converter Substations

This article explores the various functions of switching and converter substations, including network reconfiguration, fault isolation, and AC/DC…


Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 1: Early Stage Decisions

Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 1: Early Stage Decisions

In this new article series, we look at substation design and layout planning, starting here with early stage choices and physical layout.