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Primary Distribution Systems—Part 4: Fault Levels and Short Circuits

Primary Distribution Systems—Part 4: Fault Levels and Short Circuits

Learn about fault levels and short-circuit protection for medium-voltage distribution. We’ll examine current sources, fault types, symmetrical…


Primary Distribution Systems—Part 3: Overhead and Underground Choices

Primary Distribution Systems—Part 3: Overhead and Underground Choices

Overhead vs. underground power distribution: Learn the cost, reliability, and design trade-offs for medium voltage power systems across urban,…


Distribution System Fundamentals—Part 2: Topologies and Reliability

Distribution System Fundamentals—Part 2: Topologies and Reliability

Explore distribution topologies, from simple radial feeders to complex networks, and examine reliability metrics, common causes of outages, and…


Powering the Energy Transition: Why Transformer Insulation and Sealing Matter

Powering the Energy Transition: Why Transformer Insulation and Sealing Matter

Learn the engineering challenges of ensuring transformer resilience and managing the shift to new ester and silicone oils with advanced, PFAS-free…


Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 4: SCADA and Comms Systems

Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 4: SCADA and Comms Systems

Learn how modern substation commissioning extends beyond plant checks to verify SCADA, comms, cybersecurity, and data integrity for safe operation…


Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 3: Field Testing

Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 3: Field Testing

Substation field testing ensures long-term reliability. It verifies instrument transformers , circuit breakers, and protection relays against…


Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 2: Pre-Commissioning Inspections

Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 2: Pre-Commissioning Inspections

This article walks through pre‑commissioning inspections and electrical tests commonly used in utility and industrial substations, translating…


Practical Limitations of IEC Partial Discharge Standards in Power Modules

Practical Limitations of IEC Partial Discharge Standards in Power Modules

IEC partial standards miss dv/dt, thermal, and micro-PD effects in power modules, limiting their value for inverter-driven reliability prediction.


Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 1: Scope and Workflow

Substation Commissioning and Testing—Part 1: Scope and Workflow

Learn how substation commissioning verifies design intent and system integration through FAT, SAT, cold (pre-energization), and hot…


Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 4: Data Analytics and ML

Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 4: Data Analytics and ML

Learn how smart substations can leverage IEC 61850 and CIM for data flow. Advanced analytics and machine learning (ML) can turn high-res data into…


Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 2: IoT Devices and Sensors

Smart Substations and Digitalization—Part 2: IoT Devices and Sensors

Learn how smart substations use synchronized IoT devices compliant with key standards for high-fidelity data, enabling real-time protection and…


Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 3: Noise and Oil Control Issues

Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 3: Noise and Oil Control Issues

In the final part of this series, we examine substation design practices for managing two critical issues: oil containment and noise control.


Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 2: Safety and Thermal Controls

Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 2: Safety and Thermal Controls

This article explains how a substation’s physical layout must integrate safety clearances, grounding, and thermal management.


Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 1: Early Stage Decisions

Substation Design and Layout Planning—Part 1: Early Stage Decisions

In this new article series, we look at substation design and layout planning, starting here with early stage choices and physical layout.


Substation Components—Part 8: Grounding/Earthing Systems

Substation Components—Part 8: Grounding/Earthing Systems

As we wrap up this series, this article outlines the purpose of substation grounding, the IEE Std 80 design, and best-practice field testing.


Defending the Digital Highway: Cybersecurity for Software-Defined Vehicles

Defending the Digital Highway: Cybersecurity for Software-Defined Vehicles

Learn how evolving regulations, lifecycle security strategies, and quantum-ready cryptography are reshaping automotive cybersecurity.


Standardized Tests Could Unlock New Life for Used Solar Panels

Standardized Tests Could Unlock New Life for Used Solar Panels

An Australian study outlines a technical framework to repurpose used solar modules and cut environmental waste.


tech insights Oct 21, 2025 by Luke James
High-Voltage Testing and Insulation Coordination—Part 2

High-Voltage Testing and Insulation Coordination—Part 2

Here, in Part 2, we examine insulation coordination and Basic Insulation Level (BIL) in high-voltage systems for reliability against transient…


Transmission Line Losses and Efficiency Optimization—Part 5: FACTS

Transmission Line Losses and Efficiency Optimization—Part 5: FACTS

Learn about the role of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) in enhancing power system efficiency, stability, and controllability. We’ll look…


Calibration Ensures Confidence in Current Measurement

Calibration Ensures Confidence in Current Measurement

Regular calibration is crucial to ensure that your measurement equipment is measuring accurately. Learn the important standards, on-line resources,…