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Fine-Tuning Thermoelectric Materials for Cheaper Energy Harvesting

January 07, 2020 by Paul Shepard

Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have developed new thermoelectric materials, which could provide a low-cost option for converting heat energy into electricity. Above is a diagram showing how thermoelectric materials use differences in temperature to generate electricity (credit: Tianjun Liu).

Materials known as halide perovskites have been proposed as affordable alternatives to existing thermoelectric materials, however so far research into their suitability for thermoelectric applications has been limited.

In this study, published in Nature Communications, scientists conducted a series of experiments on thin films of the halide perovskite, cesium tin iodide, to test its ability to create electrical current from heat. The researchers found they were able to improve the materials’ thermoelectric properties through a combination of methods, which involved partial oxidation and the introduction of additional elements into the material.

Improving thermoelectric performance

Dr Oliver Fenwick, lead Royal Society University Research Fellow and Lecturer in Materials Science at Queen Mary University of London, said: “For many years halide perovskites have been suggested as promising thermoelectric materials, but while simulations have suggested good thermoelectric properties real experimental data hasn’t met these expectations.

“In this study, we successfully used ‘doping’ techniques, where we intentionally introduce impurities into the material, to tweak and improve the thermoelectric properties of cesium tin iodide, opening up options for its use in thermoelectric applications.”

This work was conducted in collaboration with researchers from University College London and CNR Bologna, Ital

Sustainable approach to energy production

Thermoelectric materials use temperature differences to generate electrical energy. They have been suggested as a promising sustainable approach to both energy production and recycling, as they can be used to convert waste heat into useful electricity. However, current widely-used thermoelectric materials are costly to produce and process, which has limited the uptake of this greener technology.

Dr Fenwick, said: “With the heightened global awareness of climate change and realization that a number of renewable energy solutions will be needed to meet our energy demands, thermoelectric generators are now at the center stage in today’s “green technology” debate.”

“The thermoelectric materials we currently have are expensive, and some even contain toxic components. One of the largest growth areas for thermoelectric technology is for domestic, commercial or wearable applications, so there’s a need to find cheaper, non-toxic thermoelectric materials that can also operate well at low temperatures, for these applications to be fully realized. Our research suggests the halide perovskites could, with some fine-tuning, fill this void.”